Medical professionals are responsible for monitoring the condition of patients both during and after surgery. During surgery, minor shifts in a patient's condition can quickly deteriorate, producing disastrous consequences. If hospital equipment isn't working properly or if doctors and medical staff are inattentive to fluctuations in a patient's condition, the hospital or staff members may be liable for any resulting injuries.

Complications can also develop after surgery. These may include internal bleeding, blood clots, respiratory and heart problems, and serious infections. Failure to check vital signs, conduct and correctly interpret medical tests, and perform additional treatment when necessary may make physicians liable for post-operative complications.